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 नगरपालिका स्तरीय आधारभूत तह परीक्षा २०७८

विदुर, नुवाकोट   कक्षा ५               पूर्णाद ७५
विषय : सामाजिक अध्ययन तथा जनसंख्या शिक्षा
दिइएका निर्देशनका आधारमा आफ्नै शैलीमा सिर्जनात्मक उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।                         समय: २ घण्टा १५ मिनेट

                    समूह 'क' Group A              9x1=9

तलका प्रश्नहरुको अति सङ्क्षिप्त उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।

(Give very short answer of the following questions)

१. मानव संसाधन भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ ? एक वाक्यमा लेख्नुहोस् ।
What is meant by human resources? Write in one sentence.
Human resources is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy.

२. चार वेदका नाम लेख्नुहोस् ।
Name four Vedas.
The four Vedas are the Rigveda , the Yajurveda, the Samaveda, and the Atharvaveda.

३. गण्डकी प्रदेसमा पर्ने कुनै दुईओटा धार्मिक स्थलको नाम लेख्नुहोस् ।
Name any two religious places located in Gandaki Province.
two religious places located in Gandaki Province
are:
Muktinath
Manakamana

४. विधेयक भनेको के हो ?
What is bill?
Bill is a draft proposed by legislature.

५. आन्तरिक र वैदेशिक व्यापार बीच एक वाक्यमा फरक देखाउनुहोस् ।
Differentiate between internal and external trade in a sentence.
Internal Trade
Internal trade takes place between the country borders, therefore only one country is involved.
External trade
External trade involves the transactions between two or more countries.


६. गोरखाले कहिले नुवाकोट माथि विजय प्राप्त गर्यो र
When did Gurkha get victory over Nuwakot.
Gurkha got victory over Nuwakot on 26 th September 1744AD.(15th ashoj 1801BS)

७. होमरले लेखेका महाकाव्यहरु कुन कुन हुन् ?
What are the Epics written by Homer?
The Iliad and The Odyssey are the Epics written by Homer.

८. जनसङ्ख्या व्यवस्थापन गर्ने कुनै २ ओटा उपायहरु लेख्नुहोस् ।
Write any two ways of Population management.
two ways of Population management are:
Birth spacing
Marriage at appropriate age.

९. संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घ सुरक्षा परिषदमा कतिओटा देशहरु स्थायी र अस्थायी सदस्य हुन्छन् ?
How many permanent and non-permanent member countries are there in the security council of the UN.
There are 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent member countries in the security council of the UN.

समूह 'ब' Group 'B'

7x6=42
सक्षिप्त उत्तरात्मक प्रश्नहरू

(Short Answer questions)

१० देश विकासको लागि दक्ष जनशक्तिको आवश्यकता पर्दछ, किन ?
Skilled human resources is required for the development of the nation,why?
The manpower who has attained complete skills and knowledge in particular field is knows as Skilled Human Resource. For example : Professors, Doctors, Drivers, Pilots etc.
Skilled manpower is essential to carry out several development activities. To carry out several development works may be difficult in the absence of skilled manpower. They also play vital way for the systematic utilization of the natural resources and help to conserve them as well.
Moreever they are also important because:
i) They helps to utilize the capital, machinery as well as available means and resources.
ii) They helps to bring new technology to boost up development activities.
iii) They helps in formation of plans and policies for development.
iv) They helps to conduct development activities in sustainable way.

११लागु पदार्थको प्रयोगबाट शरीरमा हुने हानीको उल्लेख गर्दै दुई साथीहरु बीचको संवाद तयार गर्नुहोस् ।
Compose a dialogue between two friends on the adverse effects of drugs taking.
Zohorul: Good evening,Redoy. How are you?

Redoy: I am fine. What about you?


Zohorul: I am fine too. I am afraid, I am disturbing you.

Redoy: Not at all. I am thinking of a matter seriously.


Zohorul: What are you thinking of? Can you share with me?

Redoy: Yes, of course. It is the bad effect of drug addiction. My cousin, Hasan, has become drug addicted recently.


Zohorul: Oh, very sad case! But the fact is that not only your cousin but also a lot of youngsters have fallen victim to it. It is destroying the peace of the country.

Redoy: Exactly! The addicts are inviting fresh people; they are alluring the non-addicts. Many come only to taste it and soon become desperate for it.


Zohorul: Yes, once they come in touch with drugs, they soon forget their own business and become uncontrollable.

Redoy: Really, it is spreading at all levels like virus and many happy families are getting destroyed.


Zohorul: Absolutely! In this case, the guardians should be more careful about their wards. The careless and busy parents are mainly responsible for this problem.

Redoy: Oh, yes! The problem starts from the family and gradually affects the whole society.


Zohorul: Exactly! However, in case of symptom, measures must be promptly taken. Parents should not be annoyed with them. We also should not hate them.

Redoy: Yes, we should treat them sympathetically. Otherwise, they will be more dangerous and disturb the whole chain of society.
Zohorul: Yes, sympathetic treatment is the best healer for the addicts. Thank you.

Redoy: You are most welcome. Good night.

 


१२ पृथ्वी नारायण शाहले एकीकरण गर्नु भन्दा पहिले नेपालको अवस्था कस्तो थियो ?
How was the condition of Nepal before the unification campaign of prithvi Narayan Shah ?
Before unification there was a lot of power struggle between the small rulling kingdoms of Nepal. There was a lack of feeling of patriotism and support. Nepal was divided into small kingdoms like Baise, Chaubise, malla, Sen, etc which had made the country vulnerable to the foreign attacks especially from the British rule,Who were already capthuring India.
The British from the southern side were looking for an opportunity to enter Nepal with the intention of capturing it.


१३. बैंक भनेको के हो? बैकको पांचओटा महत्व उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।
What is bank ?Mention any five importance of bank.
A bank is a financial institution which is involved in borrowing and lending money.
five importance of bank are:
1. Collections of Savings and Advancing
Loans
2. Money Transfer.
3. Encourages Savings.
4.Transfer Savings into Investment
5.Overdraft Facilities
6. Financing Internal & External Trade

१४ पर्यटन व्यवसायलाई राष्ट्रिय आयको एउटा महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत मानिन्छ । नेपालमा यो व्यवसायले आशातित सफलता प्राप्त गर्न सकेको छैन । पर्यटन व्यवसायको क्षेत्रमा देखिएका कनै तीनओटा समस्याहरु लेखी तिनीहरुको समाधानका तीनओटा उपायहरु पनि लेल्नुहोस् |
Tourism industry is one of the major sources of national income. Tourism industry in Nepal is not able to speed up as expected. Write any three problems seen in the development of tourism and state any three measures to overcome the problems.

The problems of the tourism industry:

1. Lack of proper plan and policy,
2. Lack of proper communication and transportation facilities, 3. Pollution,
4. Lack of skilled human resource,
5. Lack of airport facilities,
6. Lack of good hotels in remote areas.

The solutions: To solve these problems, a number of solutions can be adopted:
1. Maintain and preserve the tourist areas,
2. Improve land and air transportation facility. 3. Develop the communication sector.
4. Publicize our country internationally,
5. Maintain the peace and security of the country,
6. Provide good quality service, goods, markets, banks, hotels, etc.
7. Emphasize the production of skilled human resources,
8. Control the population and pollution.

१५. मित्रराष्ट्रहरुबाट नेपालले के कस्तो सहयोगहरु प्राप्त गरेको छ ?
What type of assistance have Nepal got from the friendly nation. Write in points.
Nepal receives foreign aid from individual donor nation like Japan, Germany (Bilateral aid) and from international organizations like the World Bank, European Union, Asian Development Bank (Multilateral aid). The aid can be given (grant assistance) or lent (loan). This may be financial, or technical, or both.
Assistance like
Financial assistance
Military and weapon assistance
Scholarship to Nepali students
Imports and exports of garments ,carpet ,goods, fertilizer, textile,petrol,gas,etc
Assistance in developmental works like construction of temple ,road ,railways ,etc

१६. नेपालको जनसंख्या व्यवस्थापनमा देखा परेका कुनै ६ समस्याहरु पहिचान गरी कुनै तीनओटाको छोटकरीमा व्याख्या गर्नहोस् ।
Identify any six problems of population management in Nepal and describe in short about ant three of them.
1. Lack of the means of family planning.
2.Early marriage.
3. Gender inequality.
4.Unplanned migration.
5.Lack of employment to women.
6. Less literacy rate of women.
Describe by own:

            समूह 'ग' Group 'C'                           8x3 = 24

तलका प्रश्नहरुको लामो उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।

(Give long answer of the following questions)
१७ न्यायपालिका भनेको के हो? न्यायपालिकाका प्रमुख कार्यहरु लेखी कुनै २ को व्याख्या गर्नुहोस् ।
What is Judiciary? Write the major function of Judiciary and explain any two of them.

Judiciary is the independent organ of the government whose function is to provide justice to the innocent, punishment to the culprit and safeguard the rights and duties of the citizen.

It is important for providing equal justice to the innocent people.

The function of it are:

i. Advisory functions:

Judiciary gives advice to the other organs and constitutional organs when required. Suggestion on national issues is the work of judiciary and also finds remedies for complicated legal matters.

ii. Judicial functions:

The main function of judiciary is to punish the culprit and give a proper verdict in support of innocent on the basis of the existing law. It decides the punishment for criminals and gives a decision regarding national issues.

iii. Interpretation of law and the constitution:

Another main function of the Judiciary is to explain the laws made by the legislature and implemented by the executive. It supervises the laws and clarifies the meaning of the laws and their provisions.

iv. Protector of people's rights and freedom:

The rights granted by the state are protected by the constitution as judiciary gives clear decisions about the rights and duties of an individual. It gives justice or verdict if any rights are violated.

१८. नेपालको नक्सा बनाई तलका तथ्यहरु उपयुक्त संकेत प्रयोग गरी भर्नुहोस् ।
Draw an outline map of Nepal and insert the following facts using proper
symbol in it.

क) सगरमाथा Mt. Everest (ख) पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर PasupatiNath Temple ग) गोसाइकुण्ड Gosainkunda घ) त्रिशुली नदी Trishuli River
Draw by own:

१९ जनसंख्या परिवर्तनका मुख्य कारक तत्वहरु के के हुन् ? छोटकरीमा वर्णन गर्नुहोस् ।
What are the main causes of population change? Explain in brief.
the main causes of population change are:
a) Birth or fertility rate:
b) Death or mortality rate:
c) Migration or migration rate:

a) Birth or fertility rate: The birth or fertility rate is infiuenced by the composition ofpopulation by age, mariagcable age, cducation, occupation, religious status, nutrition and health. The fecundity, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, the political situation of the country, the social status of the patents cte also affect the birth or fertility rate. The birth or fertility rate of least developed countries is mainly influenced by the composition of population by age, early marriage and illiteracy.

b) Death or mortality rate: The factor determining the population change next to birth is death. There are many elements that affect the death or mortality rate. The major factors that affect the death or mortality rate are: composition of population, facility of health care, occupation and nature of the work, region of the settlement, age, malnutrition, discases etc. The mortality rate is decreasing nowadays in the least developed countries in comparison to the past. Some of the reasons of decreasing death rate in the developing and least developed countries are: growth in the income, improvement in the medical treatment, the expansion of the public health and education etc.


c) Migration or migration rate: It is considered as the most complex demographic process. There are two kinds of elements that affect migration. They are studied as pull factors and push factors. The process of coming in from the outside is called in-migration and the process of going out from the inside is called out-migration in the migration.