Social class 8 Set 3

 समूह 'क' (Group A)

अति सक्षिप्त उत्तरात्मक प्रश्नहरू (Very Short Answer Questions)

1. सङ्घीयता भनेको के हो ? (What is federalism?)
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.

2. सामाजिक परम्परा र प्रचलन बचाइ राख्न हामीले के गर्नुपर्छ ? एक वाक्यमा लेख । What should we do to preserve social tradition and practices? Write in a sentence.
we can preserve social tradition and practices
by bringing friends and relatives together in celebrating traditions. 

3. भ्रष्टाचार भनेको के हो ? (What is corruption ?)
The act of misuse of public power and authority by public servants for their personal gain and benefits is called corruption

4. संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घले मानव अधिकारको विश्वव्यापी घोषणा कहिले जारी गर्यो ? When did the UNO declare Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
UNO declared Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 10 th December 1948 AD.

5. दिइएको सङ्केतहरूले नक्सामा के जनाउँछन् ? (What do the given symbols denote in a map?)

(a)mountain range

(b) Dam

6. नायवी शाशन भनेको के हो ? (What is meant by Regency ?)
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.

7. बैदेशिक रोजगार भनेको के हो ? (What is foreign employment?)
The act of going foreign countries for employment opportunities is called foreign employment.

8. संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घका प्रमुख अङ्गहरूको नाम लेख (Name the principal organs of the UNO.)
General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council , the Secretariat and International Court of Justice are the principal organs of the UNO.

9. नेपालको साक्षरता दर कति छ ? (What is literacy rate of Nepal?)
literacy rate of Nepal is 67.91% by 2019 AD.

समूह ख (Group B)

सक्षिप्त उत्तरात्मक प्रश्नहरू (Short Answer Questions)

10. नेपालमा विकासको सम्भावना चारओटा बुँदामा उल्लेख गर। (Mention the possibilities of development in Nepal in four points)
Development is only possible in Nepal when we left the thought that each and everything in the country should be done by government. We should initiate the work first and then seek help from the government in many ways . The development of Nepal is in the morality and sincerity of the people who involve directly in developmental sectors as well as every small and large areas of developmental sectors.

The possibility of development in Nepal may be by the following reasons:—

• Development of tourism

• Promotion to small and medium scale business

• Hydroelectricity

• Scientific methods in agriculture.


11. सामाजिक सद्भाव कायम गर्न विद्यार्थीहरूको भूमिका के छ ? (What are the role of students to maintain social harmony?)
The role of students to maintain social harmony is by coming up with activities that help maintain love and peace among the people in the society. Social harmony is defined as procedures that assess and encourage trust, peace and harmony among people within a society irrespective of age, sex and occupation.

There are various way by which students can help maintain love and peace among the people in the society.

These include:

A. by understanding and helping common people to understand their rights.
B.must submit himself to the rules of discipline to build a civilized society
C.by gathering knowledge and wisdom and
D.must not waste his/her precious time carelessly.

Therefore, by doing the above mentioned roles, a student would help maintain social harmony in the society.



12. दाइजो प्रथाले समाजमा पारेको असर उल्लेख गर्दै एउटा समाचार तयार पार Prepare a news article mentioning the effects caused by dowry system in society.

13. पृथ्वी नारायण शाहको एकीकरण अभियानलाई तिमी कसरी मूल्याङ्कन गर्छौ ?

How do you evaluate the unification campaign of Prithvi Narayan Shah?
Prithvi Narayan Shah was an ambitious king. Along with the expansion of Gorkha kingdom, Prithvi Narayan Shah wanted to protect the country from the claws of the British Empire. He wanted to foil the evil designs of the British, by uniting the small kingdoms into a strong nation. Therefore, just after his sccession, he set his foot on to the task of expanding the Gorkha kingdom which ultimately led to the unification of Nepal. He wanted to extend the territory of his kingdom far and wide. He also wanted to conquer the small kingdoms and unite them into a strong nation. His main target was the kingdoms of Kathmandu valley. Before invading the valley, he had to capture Nuwakot, which was the gateway to the valley and main trade route between Kathmandu and Tibet. Slowly he conquer many other kingdoms and include them in the map of Nepal.

14. नेपालले आयात तथा निर्यात गर्ने मुख्य वस्तुहरूको सूची बनाऊ (Make a list of main goods Nepal exports and imports.)
imports: oil, gold, iron and steel, clothes, pharmaceutical products, cement, electronic appliances, food and vehicles.
exports: carpets, beverage, textile, tea and plastic.

15. संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घ सुरक्षा परिषदको गठन प्रक्रिया र कार्यहरू उल्लेख गर

Explain composition and functions of security council of the UN?
Security council is one of the principle organs of UNO. It consists of five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. The permanent members have the 'Right to Veto' and the other members are elected for a term of two years.The five permanent members country of security council are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—collectively known as the P5. Any one of them can veto a resolution.

The function of security council are:
• to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the UN;

• to investigate any dispute or situation that might lead to international friction and to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement;

• to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or an act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken;

• to call on members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force in order to prevent or stop aggression;

• to take military action against an aggressor; and

• to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments.


16. हिमालयन एकेडेमीका कक्षा आठ, नौ र दशका विद्यार्थीहरूको तथ्याङ्लाई स्तम्भ चित्रमा देखाऊ ।

Show the given number of students of class eight, nine and ten of Himalayan Academy in a bar graph.
Draw by yourself.

समूह ग ( Group C ) लामो उत्तर आउने प्रश्नहरू (Long Answer Questions)

17. न्यायालयलाई राजनितीबाट टाढा राख्नुपर्छ, किन ? (Judiciary must be kept far from politics, why?)
Judiciary must be kept far from politics because it has to remain impartial and outside the control of government. When the judiciary is close to politics, they tend to be partial in their judgements. They must be independent and free from all forms of political activities as that is the only way they can function effectively and efficiently.
In this way Judges should be independent and free from any restrictions, inducement, influence, pressure, threats direct or indirect from executive and legislature.
It is vitally important in a democracy that individual judges and the judiciary as a whole are impartial and independent of all external pressures and of each other so that those who appear before them and the wider public can have confidence that their cases will be decided fairly and in accordance with the law.



18. नेपालको नक्सा बनाई तलका तथ्यहरू उपयुक्त सङ्केत प्रयोग गरी भर ।

Draw an outline map of Nepal and locate the following facts with proper symbols.

i. खाँडो नदी (Khando River)

ii.अपी हिमाल (Mt. Api)

iii. पृथ्वी लोकमार्ग (Prithvi Highway)

iv. बाँके राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज (Banke National Park)

v. माइ पोखरी (Mai Pokhari)
Draw by yourself.

19. जनसाङ्ख्यिकी भनेको के हो ? यसका अङ्गहरू के के हुन् ? छोटो परिचय देऊ । What is demography ? What are its components? Give short introduction.
The scientific study of human population is called demography.

It's Components are:

a Birth or fertility
b.Death or mortality
c.Migration



Fertility


Birth is an important component mainly related to fertility in the study of population education. Fertility deals with the birth. The population growth of a place/country depends upon fertility because the country with high level of fertility has a rapid growth of population. Fertility refers to the reproductive function. It is the ability to bear offspring. It is the production of live birth which starts when a woman gives the first birth. Its period is generally 15-49 years of age. Likewise, fecundity is the physical capacity to participate in reproduction. It starts with the regulation of monthly menstrual cycle. Fertility results in the birth. It is measured by the actual number of births.




Mortality



According to WHO, "Death is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after birth has taken place." It is a natural process. The process of birth and death goes on incessantly. People die at different ages for different reasons. People die of different diseases and in several accidents. This is a perpetual process. This process causes the decline in population.

Migration


Migration means the movements of people from place to place. The movement of people inside the country is called national migration like Bhaktapur to Kathmandu. And the movement of people from one country to another is called international migration like Nepal to China.

The people who shift from the original place are called out-migrants and those people who live in their destination called in-migrants. In the same way, people who shift from one country to another are called emigrants for departure and immigrants for the destination. The difference in the number of people due to immigration and emigration in a country is called gross migration.