Mortality and Migration Class 8

 Long answer questions

1. What is Migration? Explain the ways of measuring the migration rate with examples.
Migration is the third major component of demographic process. It plays a great role in population change of a place.
Migration rate can be measured in the following ways:

1. In-Migration Rate: This is the number of people immigrating out of the thousand population of the region. To calculate the In-Migration Rate, the total number of immigrants is divided by the mid year population of the region and multiplied by 1,000. It is calculated by using the following formula:
I-MR=Total no. of in-migrants during the given year(I) / Total mid-year population of the same year (P)*1000


2. Out-Migration Rate: This is the number of people emigrating out of the thousand population of the region. To calculate the Out-Migration Rate, the total number of emigrants is divided by the mid year population of the region and multiplied by 1,000. It is calculated by using the following formula:

Total no. of out-migrants during the given year (O)/Total mid-year population of the same year (P)*1000


3. Net-Migration Rate: This is the difference between in-migration rate and out-migration rate.

NMR= (IMR -OMR) or NMR = (I-O)/Px1,000

4. Gross-Migration Rate: This is the sum of in-migration rate and out migration rate.
(GMR = IMR +OMR) or GMR=(I+O)/Px1,000

Example: In the year 2066 BS, in a city of Nepal, the total mid year population was 40,000. In the same year 2,000 people in-migrated and 1,000 people out-migrated from there. Calculate In-migration Rate (1-MR), Out-migration Rate (0-MR), Net Migration Rate (NMR) and Gross Migration Rate (GMR).

Solution:
Given,
Total mid year population (P) =40,000
Total In-migrants (I) = 2,000
Total Out-migrants (O)= 1,000
In-migration Rate (I-MR) = ?
Out-migration Rate (0-MR) =?
Net Migration Rate (NMR) =?
Gross Migration Rate (GMR) =?
Now,
I-MR=(I/P)*1000
=(2000/40000)*1000
=50
O-MR=(O/P)*1000=(1,000/40000)*1000= 25
NMR = (I-O)/Px1,000
=2000-1000/40000*1000=25
GMR=(I+O)/Px1,000=(1000+2000)/40000*1000
=75

I-MR=50 per 1,000mid year population
O-MR=25 per 1,000 mid year population
NMR=25 per 1,000 mid year population
GMR= 75 per 1,000 mid year population


2. Differentiate between the immigration and emigration with examples.
Immigration
1. Immigration denotes the movement of people from native places to a new places 2. It denotes permanently moving to a Country. 3. People who does immigration is called as immigrants. 4. It leads to the positive growth of the population. 5. War, Poverty, population explosion etc act as the cause.
Emigration
1. Emigration denotes the movement of people out of place. 2. It denotes permanently leaving a country. 3. People who does emigration are called as emigranS. 4. It leads to the negatve growth of population 5.Unemployment, natural disasters, etc act as the cause.





3. Suppose, the mid-year population of a municipality was 80,000 in 2006 AD. Altogether 500 people died during the same year. Find Crude Death Rate. Also find the Infant Mortality Rate if the number of dead infants below one year was 20 and the total live births in the same year of that municipality was 800.
Given:
mid-year population (p) =80000
Total no. of death (D) = 500
Total death of infants (Dx) =20
total live births (B) =800
Now,
CDR= D/P *1000
=(500/80000)*1000 =6.25 per 1000 mid year population.
IMR= Dx/B *1000
=(20/800)*1000 =25 per 1000 live births.

4. In a city, the mid-year population in 2012 AD was 90,000. During the same year, 10,000 people came to that city from different parts of the country and 2,000 people left the city. Calculate the In-migration Rate, Out-migration Rate, Net Migration Rate and Gross Migration Rate.

Solution:
Given,
Total mid year population (P) =90,000
Total In-migrants (I) = 10000
Total Out-migrants (O)= 2,000
In-migration Rate (I-MR) = ?
Out-migration Rate (0-MR) =?
Net Migration Rate (NMR) =?
Gross Migration Rate (GMR) =?
Now,
I-MR=(I/P)*1000
=(10000/90000)*1000
=111.12
O-MR=(O/P)*1000=(2,000/90000)*1000= 22.23
NMR = (I-O)/Px1,000
=(10000-2000) /90000*1000=88.89
GMR=(I+O)/Px1,000=(10000+2000)/90000*1000
=133.34

I-MR=111.12 per 1,000mid year population
O-MR=22.23 per 1,000mid year population
NMR=88.89 per 1,000 mid year population
GMR= 133.34 per 1,000 mid year population